TEMPLATEATLAS R134a Pressure-Temperature Charts | Dimensional Collection METHOD AND SOURCES Publication date: November 2, 2026 1. PURPOSE AND COLLECTION STRUCTURE This collection presents the saturation pressure-temperature relationship for pure R134a refrigerant. Read a temperature and its corresponding pressure across the same row. In the pressure-led edition, begin with the pressure column to find the corresponding saturation temperature. The temperature in the table is refrigerant saturation temperature. Equipment specifications establish operating pressures, charging procedures, and superheat or subcooling targets. Ambient air temperature alone does not specify the low-side and high-side pressures of a running system. Illustrative gauges and equipment graphics provide context for the reference data. The collection is organized as 100 one-page PDF charts and 100 matching WebP images, with 50 portrait and 50 landscape compositions, 50 A4 and 50 US Letter pages, and 80 color and 20 monochrome designs. Each of the five data editions appears in 20 designs. The delivery manifest and quality report record the final exported files and measured results. 2. COMPLETE REFERENCE GRIDS Every chart retains every row of its selected edition. When a table is arranged in consecutive column groups, read down each group and then across to the next group. The numerical states remain unchanged. Edition Primary range Increment Data rows US overview -40 to 180 degrees F 5 degrees F 45 SI overview -40 to 80 degrees C 2 degrees C 61 US detailed 0 to 120 degrees F 2 degrees F 61 SI detailed -20 to 60 degrees C 1 degree C 81 Pressure lookup 0 to 200 psig 5 psi 41 Column headings identify the actual pressure and temperature units. Some compositions reorder equivalent columns to emphasize pressure or temperature. A pressure-led presentation of a temperature-grid edition retains the original temperature increment; its pressure intervals are therefore nonuniform. Only the Pressure lookup edition uses a uniform 5-psig increment. 3. THERMODYNAMIC CALCULATION All numerical states and saturation curves use CoolProp 8.0.0 with the HEOS::R134a pure-fluid model. The equation of state is the international standard formulation by Tillner-Roth and Baehr (1994), cited below. Temperature-led calculation: P_abs_Pa = PropsSI('P', 'T', T_C + 273.15, 'Q', 0, 'HEOS::R134a') Pressure-led calculation: T_C = PropsSI('T', 'P', P_abs_Pa, 'Q', 0, 'HEOS::R134a') - 273.15 Q = 0 selects the saturated liquid state. For pure R134a, saturated liquid and saturated vapor at the same temperature have the same pressure. Agreement with Q = 1 was checked numerically. Every tabulated reference state is below the model's critical temperature, approximately 101.062 degrees C. The model retains full precision during temperature conversion, pressure conversion, inverse lookup, and source comparison. Printed rounding is applied only when the chart text is created. 4. PRESSURE UNITS AND ATMOSPHERIC REFERENCE Gauge pressures use a fixed reference atmosphere of: 101325 Pa = 101.325 kPa = 1.01325 bar = approximately 14.69595 psi. Conversion factors and equations: 1 psi = 6894.757293168 Pa 1 bar = 100000 Pa 1 kPa = 1000 Pa T_F = 1.8 * T_C + 32 psig = (P_abs_Pa - 101325) / 6894.757293168 psia = P_abs_Pa / 6894.757293168 bar(g) = (P_abs_Pa - 101325) / 100000 bar(a) = P_abs_Pa / 100000 kPa(a) = P_abs_Pa / 1000 The suffix (a) means absolute pressure; (g) means gauge pressure. Negative gauge values indicate pressure below the stated reference atmosphere. Their units remain unchanged within the column. Actual local gauge pressure is absolute pressure minus local atmospheric pressure. For example, 0 psig on this reference corresponds to approximately -26.073831 degrees C (-14.932896 degrees F). A displayed inverse-lookup row therefore reads 0.0 psig, -26.1 degrees C, and -14.9 degrees F. 5. DISPLAY PRECISION Pressure values are generally displayed to 0.1 psi, 0.01 bar, and 0.1 kPa. Primary temperature grids use the exact whole-degree increments listed above. Converted temperatures and pressure-to-temperature lookup results are displayed to 0.1 degree. Negative zero is normalized to zero. The displayed number of decimal places expresses presentation precision. It does not establish instrument accuracy. Recalculating pressure from a rounded displayed temperature can give a slightly different value from the calculation at the original full-precision state. 6. INDEPENDENT SOURCE COMPARISONS Thirty numerical checkpoints were compared with two manufacturer sources: Arkema Forane R134a pressure-temperature chart: 18 positive-gauge points, using Arkema's published REFPROP 9.0 results. Maximum absolute difference before display rounding: 0.051596655 psi. Comparison threshold: 0.15 psi. All 18 numerical comparisons passed. Chemours Freon 134a SI thermodynamic property tables: 12 absolute-pressure points, using the publication's MBWR equation of state. Maximum relative difference: 0.134876858 percent. Comparison threshold: 0.2 percent. All 12 numerical comparisons passed. The models and published rounding explain small last-digit differences. A single CoolProp model supplies the entire TemplateAtlas collection; manufacturer values serve as independent comparison points. Arkema marks its below-atmosphere entries in red italics and expresses them in inches of mercury vacuum. Those entries must not be read as positive psig. The Arkema comparison uses its positive-gauge entries; TemplateAtlas prints negative gauge pressure with an explicit minus sign. Selected reference states from the canonical model: Temperature psig bar(g) kPa(a) 20 degrees C 68.223128 4.703819 571.706909 30 degrees C 97.011581 6.688713 770.196303 40 degrees C 132.748403 9.152680 1016.593022 60 degrees C 229.226230 15.804592 1681.784218 7. SATURATION CURVES AND DIMENSIONAL ILLUSTRATIONS The dimensional gauge, heat-exchanger coil, phase vessel, and molecular model are original vector illustrations created for TemplateAtlas. Their shading, reflections, and perspective provide visual depth. The reference tables and scientific plot coordinates remain flat and numerically defined. Saturation curves are generated from 181 fresh, full-precision model evaluations across the selected edition's temperature extent. These samples are joined in coordinate order. SI editions use degrees C and bar(g); US and pressure-lookup editions use degrees F and psig. The curves are not reconstructed from rounded table text. Negative gauge pressures remain within the displayed range when the edition includes temperatures below the one-atmosphere boiling point. The reference gauge uses a linear 0-200 psig scale over a clockwise 270-degree sweep. At 20 degrees C (68 degrees F), its needle corresponds to 68.223127957 psig; the visible readout rounds to 68.2 psig. This is a saturation reference state, not a prescribed operating target. The dial's color treatment does not establish operating limits or safety zones. The phase vessel illustrates liquid and vapor regions. Its drawn liquid level, bubbles, and relative volumes are arbitrary explanatory geometry; they do not measure refrigerant mass, charge, density, vapor quality, or phase fraction. The coil is an illustrative heat exchanger rather than a complete system schematic. The molecular illustration represents CF3-CH2F: two carbon atoms, four fluorine atoms, two hydrogen atoms, and the corresponding single-bond connectivity. Atom sizes, colors, and spatial positions are illustrative; the drawing is not a quantitative molecular-geometry measurement. The real cylinder and contact-thermometer photographs are credited in PHOTO-AND-FONT-LICENSES.txt. Manufacturer brochures were consulted for technical and visual research; their product images were not copied into the chart collection. 8. USING PRESSURE AND LINE TEMPERATURE TOGETHER For a vapor state: Superheat = measured vapor temperature - saturation temperature at the same pressure. For a liquid state: Subcooling = saturation temperature at the liquid pressure - measured liquid temperature. Measure pressure and line temperature at the same relevant location, or account for pressure differences between the measurement locations. A pressure-temperature chart supplies the saturation temperature; a separate temperature measurement supplies the actual line temperature. Temperature differences have the same numerical magnitude in kelvin and degrees Celsius. A 1-degree-Fahrenheit difference equals 5/9 kelvin. 9. PRINT AND IMAGE PRODUCTION PDF text, table rules, dimensional illustrations, and plotted curves are vector elements. Manrope supplies the large display headings; Space Grotesk supplies supporting headings and labels. IBM Plex supplies numerical table text and body typography. Numerical table type is set between 9 and 11.25 points. The supplied TemplateAtlas logo appears at the lower right. Each matching WebP is a lossless 450-DPI raster rendering of its PDF. Vector elements in the PDF can be rendered at other resolutions. Embedded photographs retain their own prepared image resolution and are placed proportionally; 450-DPI page rendering does not increase source-photo detail. Photo preparation is described in the separate license notice. The production file-size requirement is less than 1,000,000 bytes per chart PDF. Consult the delivery quality report for actual file sizes, file counts, and completed verification results. For printing, select the matching A4 or US Letter paper size and use actual size / 100% where the printer supports the page margins. Numerical verification covers complete grid membership, row order, unit conversions, increasing saturation pressure with increasing temperature, positive absolute pressure, the critical-temperature boundary, and saturated liquid/vapor pressure agreement. Layout and export review addresses type size, page bounds, spacing, table continuity, gauge and plot coordinates, logo placement, and final output files. This method statement describes the production process; the final quality report records the results for the delivered collection. 10. PRIMARY SOURCES CoolProp R134a fluid documentation, equation-of-state reference, and model limits: https://coolprop.org/fluid_properties/fluids/R134a.html Tillner-Roth, R., and Baehr, H. D. (1994). International standard formulation for the thermodynamic properties of HFC-134a. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 23, 657-729. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555958 Arkema. Forane 134a Pressure-Temperature Chart. The publication identifies NIST REFPROP Version 9.0 as its data-generation source. https://www.arkema.com/files/live/sites/shared_arkema/files/downloads/products/fluorochemicals/forane-134a-pressure-temperature-chart.pdf Chemours. Freon 134a Thermodynamic Properties, SI Units. This publication uses the Modified Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation of state. https://www.freon.com/en/-/media/files/freon/freon-134a-si-thermodynamic-properties.pdf?rev=7519d264dfd74fe68c04c9e119f7361f NIST. Pressure and Gas Flow Unit Conversions. https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/metric-si/unit-conversion/pressure-and-gas-flow-unit-conversions NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69. Norflurane / R134a, CAS 811-97-2. Chemical formula and connectivity reference. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Name=r134a Parker Sporlan. Using the P-T Card as a Service Tool, Form 10-135. Saturation, superheat, subcooling, and measurement-location explanation. The chart collection uses its own model-generated numerical examples. https://www.parker.com/Literature/Sporlan/Sporlan%20pdf%20files/Sporlan%20pdf%20Miscellanous/Form%2010-135_52013.pdf Testo. Testo 550s Data Sheet. Visual research reference for instrument presentation only. No brochure photographs or instrument-screen values were copied into the TemplateAtlas collection. https://static.testo.com/image/upload/US/testo-550s-datasheet-us.pdf Typeface project sources and full supplied licenses appear in PHOTO-AND-FONT-LICENSES.txt and Production/fonts. Source review date: November 2, 2026.